Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Duties
The Importance of These Duties to Supply Chain Managers
The terms “countervailing” and “anti-dumping duties” are often used together without necessarily distinguishing the two — in fact they are often abbreviated as ADD/CVD. What are these duties, and why are they important to supply chain managers?
Countervailing duties address the consequences of subsidies granted by governments for the production of certain goods. Subsidies effectively make goods less expensive, and when subsidized goods enter other countries, they may undercut or injure local producers. If there is a determination that Country A’s producers have been injured by Country B’s subsidies, then Country A may impose countervailing duties on the goods to close the price gap. Countervailing duties neutralize the negative effects of subsidies.
Hardenburgh Says: |
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| Supply chain managers need to understand how ADD/CVD affect the total landed cost of goods. Parts and products that may initially look attractive based on price may be less economical when these duties are factored in. |
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What Do You Say?
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Dumping refers to actions taken by companies, not governments. If a company exports a product at a price lower than the price it normally charges within its own home market, it is said to be “dumping” the product. Therefore, when a government imposes anti-dumping duties, it is attempting to bring an imported product’s price closer to a “normal value.” The net objective is to protect domestic businesses from unfair pricing practices.
The actions that governments may take in anti-dumping or anti-subsidy situations are closely regulated by the World Trade Organization, however, whether a government chooses to take those actions is determined by its own legislature. For example, on March 14, 2012, President Obama signed legislation that clarifies the Commerce Department’s ability to apply countervailing duties on subsidized imports from non-market economies, including China and Vietnam.
In ADD/CVD investigations, the Commerce Department determines whether the alleged subsidies or dumping are actually occurring and, if so, at what levels (e.g., the subsidy or dumping “margin”). The US International Trade Commission (USITC) determines whether a US industry is materially injured by the dumped or subsidized imports. If both agencies’ final determinations are affirmative, duties can be imposed and collected.
Supply chain managers need to understand how ADD/CVD affect the total landed cost of goods. Parts and products that may initially look attractive based on price may be less economical when these duties are factored in. There is a searchable database with over 16,000 ADD/CVD entries available from USCBP, and several global trade management software solutions also track ADD/CVD by Harmonized Schedule (HS) numbers.
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